Fix buffer size handling of direct plugins

Fix buffer size handling of direct plugins

Introduce "max_periods" option to specify the max number of periods
per buffer to each plugin.

- When max_periods = -1, the fixed buffer size as the slave size is
  used (old behavior).
- When max_periods = 0 (or 1), the number of periods is variable
  between 2 and the slave buffer size.
- When max_periods greater than 2 is given, it specifies the max
  periods of that pcm explicitly.

When no option is given in the PCM defintion, the value
"defaults.pcm.dmix_max_periods" is referred as default.
The default value is 0, as defined in alsa.conf.
You can override this in ~/.asoundrc or /etc/asound.conf as you like.